The phrase “to what extent” was used for almost every extended response question in the 2017 HSC PDHPE exam and contributed around 30% of the marks. To what extent is often used in HSC exams and it is important that it is recognised as a question that requires you to make a judgement. For example, Question 23 from the 2017 exam asks:

To what extent does Australia’s health care system benefit from having a healthy ageing population? 8 marks

The marking guidelines provide a clear indication of what is required when answering such a question. They state:

  • Makes judgement(s) about the extent to which having a healthy ageing population benefits Australia’s healthcare system.
  • Makes the relationship between healthy ageing and burden on Australia’s healthcare system evident.
  • Provides examples that support the judgement made.

Throughout the other questions in the 2017 exam, to what extent is used for 3 of the 4, 12 marks Option questions. The guidelines here each indicate one consistent phrase:  PROVIDE/MAKE A JUDGEMENT.

This indicated that the question that begins with “to what extent” is much the same as a “assess” or “evaluate” question. Given the mark allocation, I would say that it is even a critical evaluation since most of the questions are worth 12 marks (although for 8 marks it can probably just evaluate).

To answer a question that begins with “to what extent” you should:

  1. present evidence for both sides of an argument (discuss the evidence)
  2. make judgements about this evidence (aka voice an opinion without the word opinion)

It is also important to use connecting words such as: therefore, because, however, for instance, for example, or as a result. You should then conclude with a very clear judgement that begins with one of these terms. I particularly like “therefore” to conclude and make a judgement. If you are struggling have a look at this Scaffold for evaluate.